Discretionary Spending

April 1, 2005

Councils across the district are feeling financially squeezed this year, and those at schools on probation find themselves squeezed out entirely. The percentage of state and federal dollars going into schools’ discretionary pots is shrinking, and the purchasing power of those dollars has diminished significantly, a Catalyst analysis has found.

Table of Contents

Budget crunch strains schools

John Myers

In a small, sunny library on the city's Northwest Side, eight faces beamed relief after a month of grueling budget meetings. A rookie local school council turned veteran after approving Monroe Elementary's tightest budget in years.

Faced with a $177,000 decrease in discretionary money—the state and federal poverty funds that councils control—new council members forced a compromise with the principal over spending priorities. When the dust cleared, three teaching positions and three school aides had been slashed from the $1.1 million discretionary budget.

"The budget is a very...

equity, finance, governance

Better off schools to get more Title I, poorest will receive less

Alexander Russo and John Myers

For many years, the Chicago Board of Education has concentrated federal Title I money in schools that rated highest on a special poverty index.

A steep sliding scale—ranging this year from $200 to $980 per low-income student—provided schools with the highest poverty rates proportionately more of this federal discretionary money and won praise from researchers studying urban district funding strategies.

However, the School Board recently began tilting the scales in the other direction and may soon change how poverty is defined in the underlying distribution formula, which has...

equity, finance, race and class

How poverty funds are spent

John Myers

Inflation has zapped schools' spending power of state and federal poverty funds. High schools are using discretionary dollars to hire more than twice as many security staff at more than three times the cost compared to 10 years ago.

And elementary schools earmark more than three-fourths of their poverty funds for instructional expenses, according to a Catalyst Chicago analysis of how schools budgeted discretionary funds this year.

High schools, which by necessity have more administrative needs, spend more than a third of their poverty funding on non-instructional expenses...

Free reign, then reined in

Alejandra Cerna Rios

Eight years ago, Clemente High School was under intense public scrutiny amid allegations that state poverty funds had been misspent. The charges sparked calls for more oversight, and for public schools, as well as the district, to be held more accountable for spending practices.

Today, Clemente's finances are "orthodox," says Barbara Radner, who testified before a legislative committee that was looking into the matter in 1997 and now serves as a literacy and curriculum consultant for the school. And since it's on probation, Clemente has to submit its budget to the area instructional...

'Well-run' school employs 26 counselor aids

Alejandra Cerna Rios

Schurz High School in Irving Park is the aide champion of the city. This year it employed 26 "guidance counselor aides," one for every 96 students.

Prosser Career Academy and Steinmetz High School, both in Belmont Cragin, came in second with nine aides each. At Prosser, that amounts to one aide for every 149 students; at Steinmetz, one for every 271. "They're necessary," argues Principal Sharon Bender. "It helps the school run smoothly, efficiently, effectively."

Indeed, the people who fill the counselor aide positions perform a wide variety of duties. They serve in the...

District sets aside extra funds as safety net for wealthier schools

John Myers

An obscure CPS funding program that fattens lean discretionary budgets at schools with the fewest poor students will pay out $2.5 million to those schools next year.

The so-called minimum funding program is a financial safety net for schools that are eligible for some—but not much—poverty money because they enroll more students from middle-income families.

It guarantees a supplemental funding floor that ranges from $50,000 for schools enrolling up to 200 students to $200,000 for those with enrollment over 500.

The minimum funding program, which is financed by local tax...

With all the vagaries that go into school finance in Illinois, the state might as well conduct one big game of budget bingo. It wouldn't take much to get it going. Each school superintendent would get a game card with M-O-N-E-Y spread across the five columns.

Instead of numbers, the squares on the grid would specify certain education funding streams, such as capital projects, special education, poverty money and that basic building block of public school finance, foundation level funding. One wild card square would guarantee a district gets fully funded on all counts.

With all the vagaries that go into school finance in Illinois, the state might as well conduct one big game of budget bingo. It wouldn't take much to get it going. Each school superintendent would...
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At Pickard Elementary on a recent Friday, Maria Ramirez and her daughter Diana, a 2nd-grader, go through their morning ritual before class: hugs, kisses and a firm but gentle reminder to Diana to "be good."

But afterwards, instead of returning home, Ramirez heads to Room 101 to attend class herself.

At Pickard Elementary on a recent Friday, Maria Ramirez and her daughter Diana, a 2nd-grader, go through their morning ritual before class: hugs, kisses and a firm but gentle reminder to Diana to "be...
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The question of how much funding each of the new Renaissance schools will get from the business-backed New Schools for Chicago seems straightforward and simple. But asking it didn't lead to a simple answer.

In February, New Schools for Chicago teamed up with Mayor Richard M. Daley's office to announce it had awarded $3.7 million to eight schools; so far, the group has not released a school-by-school breakdown of the grants.

The question of how much funding each of the new Renaissance schools will get from the business-backed New Schools for Chicago seems straightforward and simple. But asking it didn't lead to a simple...
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By: Ed Finkel

The number of homeless students in Chicago Public Schools has more than doubled over the past five years, but advocates believe the district is still undercounting them and CPS officials acknowledge there are problems with its tracking system.

The number of homeless students in Chicago Public Schools has more than doubled over the past five years, but advocates believe the district is still undercounting them and CPS officials acknowledge...
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When the Education Funding Advisory Board gave lawmakers its recommendation for a $1,441 increase in minimum per-pupil spending, the board made another little-noticed but far-reaching proposal that would, in effect, end the yearly battles over how much to spend on schools.

The advisory board called on the state to make education funding a "continuing appropriation," thus making money for schools immune from budget cuts. Such a change would require the state to set aside money for schools first, before yearly budget negotiations begin.

When the Education Funding Advisory Board gave lawmakers its recommendation for a $1,441 increase in minimum per-pupil spending, the board made another little-noticed but far-reaching proposal that...
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By: Catalyst

Rhode Island: Teacher contracts

Rhode Island: Teacher contracts A business-led coalition has recommended that the state take over negotiation of teacher's union contracts, according to a March 20 Associated Press story. The...
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Teen pregnancy is one factor behind the district's high dropout rate. Pregnant teens often find themselves pushed out the door of their school with few options since the district shut down two of three schools for pregnant girls and cut out the highly praised Cradle to Classroom program, which provided services to teen mothers and helped them stay in school. Sally Polasek, an administrator for the state's Teen Parent Services program, talked to Associate Editor Maureen Kelleher about the difficulties she faces helping teen parents navigate the school system.

Teen pregnancy is one factor behind the district's high dropout rate. Pregnant teens often find themselves pushed out the door of their school with few options since the district shut down two of...
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By: Catalyst

AT CLARK STREET Tyra Newell, director of the office of principal preparation and development, is now deputy director of the office of management and budget, a new position. A replacement for her previous position has not been selected. ...LaVerne Hall, formerly a director for the Women's Business Development Center, has been named director of business diversity, replacing Rosalinda Castillo, who resigned last year to become a construction manager at the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority.

AT CLARK STREET Tyra Newell, director of the office of principal preparation and development, is now deputy director of the office of management and budget, a new position. A replacement for...
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Por muchos años, la Junta de Educación de Chicago ha concentrado su dinero federal de Título I en las escuelas que se consideran los más altos en un índice especial de pobreza.

Una escala muy empinada—este año variando desde $200 a $980 por estudiante de bajos ingresos—le dio a las escuelas con tasas de pobreza más altas proporcionalmente más de este dinero federal discrecional, atrayendo elogios de los investigadores estudiando estrategias para obtener fondos en los distritos urbanos.

Por muchos años, la Junta de Educación de Chicago ha concentrado su dinero federal de Título I en las escuelas que se consideran los más altos en un índice especial de pobreza. Una escala muy...
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Son las 9 a.m. en la primaria Pickard, y María Ramírez y su hija Diana completan su ritual diario: abrazos, besos y un recordatorio firme pero gentil a Diana para que se "porte bien."

Luego, en vez de regresar a casa, Ramírez se dirige al salón 101 para asistir a clase también.

Son las 9 a.m. en la primaria Pickard, y María Ramírez y su hija Diana completan su ritual diario: abrazos, besos y un recordatorio firme pero gentil a Diana para que se "porte bien." Luego, en vez...
Read More

Supplemental General State Aid (SGSA) is the lifeblood of school reforms in Chicago. Previously known as state Chapter 1, its 32-year history marks the pendulum swing from centralized control of schools to local control and back.

Distributed to schools based on the number of low-income students enrolled, SGSA constitutes nearly two-thirds of the discretionary money available to principals and LSCs to pay for supplemental programs. The following is a brief history of this funding stream:

Supplemental General State Aid (SGSA) is the lifeblood of school reforms in Chicago. Previously known as state Chapter 1, its 32-year history marks the pendulum swing from centralized control of...
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To analyze how schools spend poverty funds, Catalyst adapted personnel and programmatic spending categories developed by the now-defunct Chicago Panel on School Policy for a 1995 study on school spending.

These categories were applied to $371 million in state and federal poverty funds budgeted to 549 elementary and high schools, representing about 88 percent of the total discretionary money going to schools this year. Some schools were excluded for technical reasons, along with a fraction of funds labeled "miscellaneous."

To analyze how schools spend poverty funds, Catalyst adapted personnel and programmatic spending categories developed by the now-defunct Chicago Panel on School Policy for a 1995 study on school...
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Through Scaling Up Best Practice, parents at Perez, Pickard and Orozco schools attend workshops tied to classroom work, test-taking or special school projects.

During one workshop in December, parents learned how to make books to prepare them to help their children enter the Young Authors' Competition, which involves writing and creating a homemade book.

Through Scaling Up Best Practice, parents at Perez, Pickard and Orozco schools attend workshops tied to classroom work, test-taking or special school projects. During one workshop in December,...
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By: Ed Finkel

As part of budget cutting last September by Chicago Public Schools, Pamela Williams lost her job as an aide at Lawndale Community Academy and soon became homeless. Her son, whom she describes as a former "straight-A, honor roll student," began to slip academically, even with the tutoring provided by the district.

As part of budget cutting last September by Chicago Public Schools, Pamela Williams lost her job as an aide at Lawndale Community Academy and soon became homeless. Her son, whom she describes as a...
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By: Ed Finkel

Under federal law, school districts must provide fee waivers, free lunches and any other assistance homeless students might need to attend school. Districts must also immediately enroll homeless students and make sure they know they can enroll in their original school.

The federal McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act of 1987 became part of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. Illinois has its own law, the Education for Homeless Children Act of 1994, which includes specific procedures for resolving any disputes that arise.

Under federal law, school districts must provide fee waivers, free lunches and any other assistance homeless students might need to attend school. Districts must also immediately enroll homeless...
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